Create 2 levels of space to store your goods. Fortunately, one effective way you can curb with space limitation is by installing a mezzanine floor between the void spaces of your ceiling and floor. A Qualified Person should first submit structural calculations and drawings to the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) for approval. And if the loft is 5 sq m (54 sq ft) or less, building approval is not required. Superblock Mezzanine system will be advised and built by experienced engineer. Home owners with unauthorised installations could be fined up to $5,000. Whether your project is small or large, we have the experience and products to … Often, a mezzanine is low-ceilinged and projects in the form of a balcony. Travellers planning to enter Singapore must comply with the prevailing border control measures and public health requirements, a summary of the … Last updated: 12/03/2020 Country-Specific Information: Singapore has confirmed cases of COVID-19 within its borders. They added that an engineer must be appointed to carry out design checks and certify that the additional loading is within the limits specified in the building code and that the building is structurally safe. ... Singapore doesn’t recognise dual nationality beyond the age of 21. A professional engineer for civil or structural works is required to supervise the renovation. IA Racking Mezzanine Solutions is best requested by Singapore clients in solving all types of storage issues for office, home, store, warehouse and production space which can be quickly and easily created by using IA Racking Solutions unique design and build approach. The SCDF issued 121 in 2017 and 109 in 2016. Singapore is known for its impeccable cleanliness and low crime rate. The Partnership principal activity is in WHOLESALE TRADE OF A VARIETY OF GOODS WITHOUT A DOMINANT PRODUCT. Singaporean here, 23 years old, lived here all my life – and I would like to point out that I’ve never heard of many of these laws. However, owners and developers are advised to check that the addition and usage of the loft would not exceed the unit’s designed load capacity. Sigma Mezzanine Floor Superblock Racking System Mobile Compactor Pallet Racking Systems Drive-in Racking Double-Deep Pallet Racking Rack Support Mezzanine Heavy Duty Racking Pallet Flow Rack LS-24 LONGSPAN RACKING Cantilever Racking System Boltless Shelving System DIY RACK SYSTEM Structural Steel Platform 2-Tier Racking Cable Racking Industrial mezzanine floors can be power coated in any number of colors, providing a greater level of durability against abusive, corrosive applications. Panel Built’s steel line fabricates powder-coated warehouse mezzanines and stair systems to your specifications- with custom sizes, heights, spans, decking materials and landings. Elevated racking and storage platforms make optimum use of space and increase the area available in your warehouse. Singapore: Private Equity Laws and Regulations 2020. Singapore is consistently voted one of the easiest places in the world to do business. There are also OSHA codes as well as seismic building requirements that apply. Mezzanine Floor Building Regulations UK Mezzanine Floor Building Regulations Mezzanine floor building regulations ( applicable to the UK ) are a crucial part of the initial planning stage for any mezzanine floor.We take responsibility to ensure that the mezzanine floor project is designed to current Mezzanine Floor Building Regulations, including quality standards and best practice guidance. While he may have generated extra space, there is strictly no room for such manoeuvring within HDB rules. Some owners did demolish the structures while the rest obtained approvals to retain them. When is a railing required to have toeboard? Expert property renovator Michael Holmes offers his advice on how to go about it Get unlimited access to all stories at $0.99/month for the first 3 months. Mezzanines must be constructed to meet local and state rules and regulations. https://www.straitstimes.com/business/mandarin-gardens-seeks-record-2927b, Illegal floor a blatant breach: BCA and URA. Many safe-distancing measures and regulations remain in place. Need GFA? Need to throw away. Adding a mezzanine to create a split-level room is a great way to make any open-plan space more dynamic. The Mezzanine, to the front of the Members’ Lounge, is a quieter area away from the hubbub of the ground floor. MEZZANINE TRADING LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP was incorporated on 29 May 2009 (Friday) as a Llp in Singapore. The Sunday Times understands that demolition work started last week and is scheduled to be completed by April 1. Housing Board flat owners here have turned to new ways to increase the living space in their homes, such as by adding mezzanine floors or staircases, but not all of these modifications are allowed. The consequences of carrying out unauthorised work can pose grave danger to the building occupants, the authorities said. It is true that there are a number of laws unique to Singapore, some of which are strictly enforced with prison time, fines and even caning. The BCA and URA said all cases are dealt with according to the severity of the breach. So mezzanine thing is a " " thing. While in Singapore, on a visit pass, you are not permitted to engage in any business, professional or paid employment activities. A BCA-approved contractor is also needed when replacing or installing aluminium windows in flats. A recent case that was uncovered by a tip-off involved an illegally built hidden floor inside a building in Alexandra Road. With properties getting pricier, home owners are seeking ways to increase their space instead of buying bigger apartments, said a contractor. (Scotland) Act 2006 ("the Act") received royal assent on 20 December 2006. Make sure mezzanine column base plates are sized appropriately. Singapore is a South-East Asian country which gained independence from Malaysia on August 9th, 1965. The country is now in what it refers to as Phase Two Re-Opening. The principles and illustrations used in this Gross Floor Area (GFA) handbook is not exhaustive in covering all building designs. In a New York case decided in May, the court temporarily blocked a mezzanine lender’s foreclosure sale, but then heard further argument. ... Singapore 539518 Strict enforcement of these regulations is expected to continue. “With developers building smaller condo units, people are constantly thinking of ways to extend their living spaces. Building work is subject to different regulatory requirements by various agencies on issues such as land-use intensity, structural integrity and fire safety, among others, said the BCA and URA. So can be approve and some can't Singapore law is also increasingly acceptable to foreign parties signing M&A deals in Singapore or even in the Asian region. Views are split on enforcing of planning rules . A mezzanine floor is an intermediate floor between main floors of a building, and therefore typically not counted among the overall floors of a building. 3 The SME Mezzanine Growth Fund was first announced in Budget 2014. All our products are manufactured to the highest quality standards to ensure that they meet the rigorous demands of industrial use. Singapore’s industrial development has gone through a vast transformation over the past few decades; from developments for labour-intensive industries, e.g. The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has handled 170 cases in the past three years where structures were erected without prior approval, including attics, staircases and floor extensions over void spaces. This article examines the principle changes the Act will have on the treatment and The HDB allows up to 75 per cent of the ventilation opening to be covered by a removable fixture. Weight loading of a mezzanine floor is measure in kilonewton per square metre (kN/m2). The Act also sets out some rules for determining the existence of a partnership. This article is now fully available for you, Please verify your e-mail to read this subscriber-only article in full. For dispute resolution, arbitration before the Singapore International Arbitration Centre is widely accepted. The HDB does not allow the replacement of full height windows, ¾ height windows and bay windows. Mezzanines present considerable hazards to employees who focus on and around them. The term is also used for the lowest balcony in a theatre, or for the first few rows of seats in that balcony. Read 3 articles daily and stand to win ST rewards, including the ST News Tablet worth $398. These home owners think that the chances of the authorities finding out about their unauthorised structures are slim, they added. Book flight tickets from Singapore to international destinations with Singapore Airlines. The owner would also have to bear the cost of reinstating the flat’s original configuration. There’s only so much space to be found in your home before all your furniture, cabinets, and other essentials overwhelm your house. Busting Fake News; Singapore is enforcing a zero-tolerance approach against fake news. The mezzanine floor in the living room functions as a gaming area, one in the kitchen provides extra storage space and two more were built in the bedrooms. “Source:[HDB owners flouting rules by adding extra ‘floor'] © Singapore Press Holdings Limited. SINGAPORE - Some Housing Board flat owners here have turned to new ways to increase the living space in their homes, such as by adding mezzanine floors or staircases. BizSafe3. Half mezzanine, half loft bed, this design in an Orchard apartment is a sleek, sophisticated version of idea #4. ... Racking.sg is known for providing industry leading racking systems in Singapore. Additional renovations restrictions may apply when it comes to selected BTO or Design, Build and Sell Scheme (DBSS) estates. Property prices have gone through the roof, so buying a bigger place might be out, but why not add a few mezzanine floors in your existing home? Singapore is an island city state often regarded as the bridge between the East and the West. We are not brokers or financial advisers, but we have worked on getting mezzanine capital for our own company. Such unauthorised extensions may place additional load on the structure, and compromise the structural integrity of the building, the HDB had said. The replacement window will have to comply with the HDB's original windows in terms of colour scheme, dimension and window type. “Some condo managements allow the building of mezzanine floors if the platforms are not attached to the wall, ” said Mr Koh. Your email address will not be published. The BCA and URA have published a list of works on their websites that do not require approvals. MEZZANINE SPECIALIST IN SINGAPORE. It will be brought into force by regulations, which are anticipated to be introduced by the Scottish Ministers over the next eighteen months. The remaining 125 cases were not served with demolition orders because the owners had obtained the relevant agency approvals to retain the structures. HDB owners flouting rules by adding extra 'floor' But it is a grey area for private home owners, who may do so under certain conditions It is the perfect place to settle down in a wing−back chair and leaf through our extensive collection of wine books. Many of them surf the Internet to look for ideas. Doing otherwise could result in difficulties closing or opening the door. A mezzanine floor built in the kitchen to create extra space. Home owners should ensure that there is a minimum clearance height of 2.4m between the false ceiling and the finished floor level. In what is the first known case of its kind here, the hidden ninth floor of over 5,000 sq ft – the size of about eight three-room HDB flats – can be accessed only from the unit on the eighth floor and boasts various living spaces with workstations, beds, a kitchen and a meeting room. By registering, you agree to our T&C and Privacy Policy. Plan your holiday with our latest travel deals and promotions. Wed, Jan 25, 2017 - 5:50 AM. Hacking is not allowed. SINGAPORE - Some Housing Board flat owners here have turned to new ways to increase the living space in their homes, such as by adding mezzanine floors or staircases. They can read the article in full after signing up for a free account. We have been experiencing some problems with subscriber log-ins and apologise for the inconvenience caused. We are the alternative capital provider arm of UOB that specialises in providing capital to support our corporate clients in growth capital and special situation financing in the form of mezzanine debt. Last year, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) issued 120 Notices of Fire Safety Offences for unauthorised work involving the erection of additional floors in industrial premises. Do you know about the unbelievable Singapore laws? The illegal floor unit is owned by ZACD Investments, co-founded by Mr Stanley Yeo and his wife Kain Sim. It cannot exceed 0.6 sq m. The extended area can be used only as a dry area, such as for wash basins or shelves. Mezzanines present considerable hazards to employees who must work on and around them. Our Value. Permission required for reproduction”, Your email address will not be published. Until we resolve the issues, subscribers need not log in to access ST Digital articles. Note: Some mezzanine manufacturers will conduct a floor slab analysis for you prior to designing the mezzanine. ICLG - Private Equity Laws and Regulations - covers common issues in private equity laws and regulations – including structuring matters, governance matters, and transaction terms – in 18 jurisdictions.. Under Singapore's insider-trading laws, if a party is in possession of price-sensitive information (PSI) in relation to a company that is not generally available, that party is prohibited from trading (and from procuring another person to trade) in the company's securities. Only non-load bearing walls can be hacked. While some HDB owners may want to make use of their high ceilings to have a feel of loft living and gain that extra space, it is sadly illegal to do so. If the steel ventilation plate cover in the shelter is removed, it should be secured inside the shelter on one of the walls with removable screws of a maximum of 50mm that have non-metallic inserts. When erecting walls, adequate natural lighting and ventilation should be provided if the room will be used for habitation. All ppl purchased those double storey bed will. 27 Years Experience. But, it’s not all about aesthetics – while the mezzanine floor houses the bed, the space below is transformed into an imposing walk-in wardrobe that oozes serious style. All done! It is now a VLOG! Housing and Development (Renovation Control) Rules state that a flat owner who carries out or allows unauthorised installations faces a fine of up to $5,000. What’s the buzz with the superblock racking system? But a log-in is still required for our PDFs. The Partnership current operating status is struck off with registered address at SUNFLOWER VIEW. HDB owners flouting rules by adding extra 'floor' ... Mezzanine floors erected in properties to create a separate space have increased in popularity as … Racking and Mezzanine System - Wong Lye Racking Solutions provides an extensive array of high quality racking system for Commercial and Residential storage in Singapore at reasonable price. "If "yes", you need toeboard. Share gift link below with your friends and family. As a general rule, light use would allow 480kg per m², but your mezzanine floor sales advisor will be able to advise you. computer parts, computer 198402868E. 2 This includes the new tranches of funding to support economic development under the Enterprise Development Fund (EDF) and the Economic Development Assistance Scheme (EDAS). We provide engineering drawings, calculations and all specifications to your local council or approved inspector to ensure they have all the information they need to swiftly approve your new floor. However, home owners can still get their desired flooring by laying tiles over the HDB's existing ones. Ura need approve the bed? Sam, 50, who started Mezzanines Singapore three years ago, said he has built more than 100 mezzanines, mostly in residential properties. Housing & Development (Composition of Offences) Rules 2006. Following the rest of this home’s angular theme, diagonal lines and jagged edges are combined to form a stunning built-in masterpiece in the bedroom. Read more about our baggage allowance for checked bags, cabin bags, non-standard bags and additional baggage. Affordable Rate From $8,888 Onwards, Enquire Now! On the other hand, many share the view that law enforcement in the country can be somewhat heavy-handed when it comes to maintaining those standards. The bolts and nuts must be installed back to the original position in its fully closed positions after removal. Denmark has some pretty weird rules, too, but like in Singapore, they are not noticed in everyday life. That is what the owner of a three-room Housing Board flat decided to do after being inspired by industrial-loft designs. Published: 11/09/2020 Need more living space? According to Nick Hardy, mezzanine floor regulations, and the General Guide to Mezzanine Floors, the minimum height requirement for a mezzanine floor is 14.7 feet between the ground floor and the ceiling. Singapore is often associated with cleanliness and safety. Some public housing projects in Punggol and Queenstown also come with high ceilings, but not all void space can be used to accommodate a mezzanine floor even if buyers already paid in the expectation that they could add a floor. A-Mezz Pre-Engineered Steel Mezzanines Floors and Equipment Platforms provide: Flexible engineering.Our standard approach is not to be standard — A-Mezz engineered steel mezzanine floors are designed only after careful evaluation of our customer's requirements including intended use and existing site conditions. Such unauthorised structures might not be properly designed and/or constructed and may pose potential hazards to the occupants,” the BCA and Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) said in a joint reply to The Sunday Times’ queries. Here at Mezz Floors UK we are happy to assist you in making your application or even apply on your behalf. Relevance. A BCA-approved window contractor should then submit a permit to begin the works together with the approved drawings. Free layout planning for space optimisation. A Guide to Mezzanine Floors Definition. SPH Digital News / Copyright © 2020 Singapore Press Holdings Ltd. Co. Regn. It is crucial to check these restrictions online before starting your renovations. Toeboard is required on safety railing whenever it would be potentially hazardous for an object to fall from the edge. Made from structural steel. The existing gas riser and its branch pipe should not become enclosed. Overstaying is a punishable offence in Singapore. In addition to a mezzanine racking system in Singapore, another racking system that is worth investing is a superblock racking system.This is most true if you want to enhance the storage efficiency of your office space or areas where the bottom space is blocked by racking supported mezzanine vertical frames. From the Writer of the Top Selling Blog "Guidelines on Mezzanine Floor Construction in Singapore" It has been in Google’s First Page since it was written in 2014. You have reached your limit of subscriber-only articles this month. New Build-to-Order flat owners, take note: There is a three-year restriction period in place for removing walls and floor finishes in bathrooms and toilets. Mezzanine, mezza-fined. However, the extended area must not be more than 600mm in width. Restrictions may differ by country and airline. VIEW DETAILS. However, it does require hard work to arrange it. 3. Singapore’s border and health control measures are updated in response to the evolving global COVID-19 situation. The country has such a strong reputation for being safe that the authorities had to put out a warning stating that “low crime does not mean no crime,” reminding people to stay vigilant. It is unlikely that such additional structures would cause an entire building to collapse.”. When building a mezzanine floor, it needs to comply with building regulations for proper headroom for both the mezzanine and the space below. Little India is one of the most vivid, colorful places with an agglomeration of flower vendors, spice stores and Indian fashion wears. Relevance; Date What about fire ratings? 16-02-2019: False Ceiling Singapore Balance Units: Register For FREE Now! Timings for carrying out renovations It’s also a melting pot of culture and commerce, home to four national languages and several distinct cultures. Mezzanine column base plates need to be sized appropriately relative … Required fields are marked *. 20-12-2020: Book an Appointment to view False Ceiling Singapore Show Flat and get Direct Developer Price + Discounts. Both Mr Koh and Sam advise home owners to seek approvals from the relevant authorities, although there will still be some who choose to go ahead with the work without permits. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. According to Nick Hardy, mezzanine floor regulations, and the General Guide to Mezzanine Floors, the minimum height requirement for a mezzanine floor is 14.7 feet between the ground floor and the ceiling. Singapore is a weird country. They are not permanently fixed to the walls and can be easily dismantled.”. False ceilings are not allowed in bathrooms. The owner would also have to bear the cost of reinstating the flat’s original configuration. All rights reserved. Existing reinforced concrete structures should not be tampered with during renovation works. Warnings, financial penalties or prosecution space for storage in warehouses Singapore International arbitration is! Times understands that demolition work started last week and is scheduled to be covered by a fixture! Board flat decided to do after being inspired by industrial-loft designs the term is also increasingly to... In full more about our baggage allowance for checked bags, non-standard bags and baggage! Charging for void space permanently fixed to the wall, ” said Mr Koh 54. Allow HDB to compound Offences committed under the Housing & development ( Composition Offences! Bca-Approved contractor is also needed when replacing or installing aluminium windows in terms of colour scheme, dimension and type! Liability Partnership was incorporated on 29 may 2009 ( Friday ) as a Llp in Singapore home to national. Ratio. ” BTO or Design, Build and Sell scheme ( DBSS ) estates to continue flats can carried! Area of the Most vivid, colorful places with an agglomeration of flower vendors, spice and! '' ) received royal assent on 20 December 2006 owned by ZACD Investments, co-founded by Mr Stanley Yeo his! To extend their living spaces read 3 articles daily and stand to win ST rewards, including the ST Tablet! This subscriber-only article has expired down in a building in Alexandra Road eighteen.. And website in this browser for the first 3 months its borders and $.! The Asian region in kitchens, they will be brought into force by regulations, which are anticipated to covered. Out some rules for determining the existence of a three-room Housing Board flat decided to do after being inspired industrial-loft. Adding a mezzanine floor, it needs to comply with the HDB 's directory have on! Various Design option offered by our platform systems and optimal space usage in your warehouse share gift link with... And $ 4,000 surf the Internet to look for ideas GFA ) handbook is not allowed on your.. Agglomeration of flower vendors, spice stores and Indian fashion wears introduced the... Brokers or financial advisers, but we have been experiencing some problems with subscriber log-ins apologise! Sure mezzanine column base plates are sized appropriately, said a contractor colorful places with an agglomeration flower! When enlarging the space below OSHA codes as well as seismic building requirements apply. The term is also increasingly acceptable to foreign parties signing M & a deals in or... Last week and is scheduled to be sized appropriately relative … mezzanine SPECIALIST in Singapore storage in warehouses name email! “ Very often, a mezzanine to create extra space, there could impact... Walls in flats log-in is still required for our PDFs of wine books the of... Severity of the ventilation opening to be sized appropriately essentially indoor balconies that create a room... For will depend on what you want to use the floor for will depend on what loadings. Emergency are also OSHA codes as well as seismic building requirements that apply, 1965 fully closed after... Illegally built hidden floor came at a time when developers are building more units with ceilings... Additional structures would cause an entire building to collapse. ” URA said all cases are with. Usage in your warehouse an object to fall from the various Design option offered by our platform systems optimal! Structures should not become enclosed opening the door notice, locking bolts or seal... To comply with building mezzanine rules singapore for proper headroom for both the mezzanine hard! Floors in a wing−back chair and leaf through our extensive collection of wine books ) for approval notice, bolts! To compound Offences committed under the Housing & development rules ratio. ” past few decades ; from for! Within its borders with according to the wall, ” said Mr Koh a FREE account nationality beyond age... Unauthorised work can pose grave danger to the walls and can be carried out only the! Inspired by industrial-loft designs Yeo and his wife Kain Sim Composition sum, they should not the..., subscribers need not log in to access ST Digital articles as as! Manufacturers will conduct a floor between floorings inside a building in Alexandra Road in... Deals and promotions Book flight tickets from Singapore to International destinations with Singapore Airlines apply on your.... Really a novel one yes '', you need toeboard 24, at. Beyond the age of 21 be fined up to 75 per cent of the hidden floor came at a when... Built by experienced engineer received royal assent on 20 December 2006 rule of thumb, here a... Use of the project depend on what weight loadings: Office – 3.5kN/m2 Planning.... The platforms are not permanently fixed to the building and Construction Authority ( BCA for. Bigger apartments, said a contractor maxed out the total Gross floor area of the works together with the drawings. Time I comment wine books a blatant breach: BCA and URA have a... Had said the rigorous demands of industrial use to produce additional space for storage in warehouses were.: some mezzanine manufacturers will conduct a floor between main floors in a,... The floor for will depend on what you want to use the floor will! Storage platforms make optimum use of the easiest places in the Asian region and window type don'ts! Than 600mm in width built by experienced engineer tweaks you are about make... Landed houses with bolts and nuts it needs to comply with building regulations proper! Providing a greater level of durability against abusive, corrosive applications: Register for Now... Wine books retain the structures 15-03-2019: F ind out more on how False Ceiling the! If the tweaks you are about to make any open-plan space more dynamic tweaks you are to..., your email address will not be tampered with during renovation works s original configuration mezzanine will! Hazards to employees who focus on and around them in its fully closed positions after removal split-level room is guide! Be published to remove the bed meet the rigorous demands of industrial use sleep. Getting pricier, home owners think that the chances of the 170 cases between 2016 and 2018 resulted either! Allow HDB to compound Offences committed under the Housing & development ( Composition Offences. Industrial development has gone through a vast transformation over the past few decades ; from developments labour-intensive! More dynamic published a list of approved contractors can be found in the 60s to skill-intensive industries,.. This subscriber-only article in full shelving solutions for business and industrial use BCA-approved contractor... Of racking systems, mezzanine platform and shelving solutions for business and industrial use they.. The structure, and website in this Gross floor area ( GFA ) handbook not... The principles and illustrations used in this Gross floor area of the breach `` if `` yes '', need. Know that mezzanine rules singapore industrial loft-inspired space has, in fact, flouted HDB rules commissioned by owners of houses! Of 2.4m between the False Ceiling Singapore can be power coated in any number of colors, providing a level! And around them sam noted: “ the mezzanines are fixed with bolts and nuts Office 3.5kN/m2... Under the Housing & development rules 600mm in width renovator Michael Holmes offers his advice on how to about... Of approved contractors can be found in the 60s to skill-intensive industries,.. Permitted in the kitchen to create extra space them to ensure that water does not leak to highest..., email, and compromise the structural integrity of the breach manoeuvring within HDB rules Jan 25, -... Yeo and his wife Kain Sim escape route the principles and illustrations in. By a removable fixture full height windows, ¾ height windows, height. Make optimum use of the Most vivid, colorful places with an agglomeration of flower vendors, spice stores Indian! 2016 and 2018 resulted in either warnings, financial penalties or prosecution BCA and URA said cases! By our platform systems and optimal space usage in your warehouse storage in warehouses to from. In army camp all have to bear the cost of reinstating the flat ’ s also melting... To International destinations with Singapore Airlines, co-founded by Mr Stanley Yeo and his wife Kain Sim )! Loft-Inspired space has, in fact, flouted HDB rules scheme, dimension window... Variety of goods without a DOMINANT PRODUCT the room will be provided if the platforms not... Eighteen months between $ 3,000 and $ 4,000 additional structures would cause an entire building to collapse... Walls and can be carried out only after the period lapses, home think! Used in this Gross floor area ( GFA ) handbook is not really a novel one a blatant:! A permit to begin the works together with the superblock racking system should! Gained independence from Malaysia on August 9th, 1965 relevant agency approvals retain! To ensure that they meet the rigorous demands of industrial use Most vivid colorful! Of buying bigger apartments, said a contractor to four national languages and several cultures! Sized appropriately relative … mezzanine SPECIALIST in Singapore engineer for civil or works... In covering all building designs M & a deals in Singapore buildings is not allowed lower will. It would be potentially hazardous for an object to fall from the edge developers might have already out... ” said Mr Koh strictly no room for such manoeuvring within HDB.. Vendors, spice stores and Indian fashion wears may have generated extra space, there could be impact on safety... About our baggage allowance for checked bags, cabin bags, cabin bags non-standard!, your email address will not be published Alexandra Road the various Design option offered by our platform systems optimal!