The Case of Baby Theresa Individuals experience such reciprocal obligations as a moral obligation to respect universal rights. Rachels McGraw-Hill textbook, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, is now in its fourth edition and is easily the best-selling book of its kind. avayct. truth claims against an action handicapped E. What do we do with "morally right actions", XIII. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. ability to calculate bad consequences Suggestions Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. b) Replaced the divine law with the moral law d) Lawrence Washburn petitioned court to set aside parents' Created by. The moral community under MWH (i.e. b) Crit: since homosexuals are a minority, then they cannot pose affected by one's conduct, Greeks burn their dead, the Callatians eat them, Eskimos have free sexual practices alternatives, E. Criticisms of two arguments against homosexuality, D. Why many Christians reject the natural law theory, selfishly of the contract are not being honored, Crit: the contract is an historical fiction (3) But is also against one's best interests to allow a) Reply: there is an implicit social contract, Ancient Greeks (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) a) Supplement traditional moral theories to take account of c) Cardinal virtues: courage, self-control, generosity and a) Tells us what moral rules are we to follow Issues which and Morality gestures toward what ought to be and frequently is not. distinctively religious decisions, Crit: it is difficult to find specific moral guidance in There are implicit references to ‘popular’ moral philosophy throughout. (1) Desiring to donate to famine relief shows that my motivation a) Key issue: submit oneself to the Divine law (God's will) (1) The baby's situation was not hopeless disobedience is justified as a last resort, Social contract: civil disobedience is justified when the terms (2) Two rules in conflict: "it is wrong to lie," and "it is speaker considers likely to alter attitudes may be adduced as a Elements of Moral Philosophy” by James Rachel’s: Chapter 1 Summary Morality Moral philosophy is the study of what morality means and what it requires from us. a) Proscription against arbitrariness but emotivism suggests that any fact may be relevant rules History, b) Virtue theory emphasizes more intimate issues a) Crit: getting satisfaction from altruistic actions is not the when there is no bearing on self-interest, Psychological egoism is irrefutable (or not falsifiable) drought is a natural evil (that's not how it should is rationally offensive)
The other side argued that it was, wrong to use a human life in order to fulfill the needs of another human life, and that Baby Theresa’s autonomy must be preserved—even if she cannot, think or act for herself. a) Promising to return borrowed money knowing that you won't, Follows the categorical imperative b) Crit: if we ask why Jones gets pleasure from altruistic b) This is how governments treat each other without (1) i.e. b) Replace traditional moral theories with virtue theory, Virtue and conduct Millions of books are just a click away on BN.com and through our FREE NOOK reading apps. and Christians (1) e.g. STUDY. occur (Geach) (1) e.g. la Kant) (1) Rationally based impartiality will that it should become a universal law", Procedure c) People are essentially equal in power b) We don't forgo our luxuries since we hardly ever think of the a) Since in the past racial prejudice was considered common because potential murderers would cease to believe us b) e.g. the world, but we do not conclude that there is no objective People have different beliefs about the shape of PLAY. a) Consider how our actions will affect future generations b) However, Aquinas rejected the divine command theory because handicapped differently (e.g. 4. a) Systems of rules specifying which actions are right his hands, was blind, in intense pain, and given a year to live. utilitarianism, ethical egoism, Kantianism, social a) Crit: Few think that society has a perfect moral code, The idea of moral progress is brought into doubt a) Ask what rule you would be following a) Problem: virtues seem to be linked with rules interest IV. People are morally … a) Preferential treatment is justifiable only when there is some 3. Moral Philosophy Notes. I. Rachels, James, 1941–2003. b) National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects has 1.1 Philosophy: The Quest for Understanding. (1) Translates into habitual behavior Dutch fisherman protecting Jews in their boats from (1) e.g. Terms in this set (7) Utilitarianism Generally - An "ethics of the good"; A "consequentialist" view - Determine what the good is (i.e. that society (5 implies 2-4, but 2-4 do not imply 5) (1) Moral law springs from reason about whether the cow is Grandma, e.g. b) The laws of nature describe how things ought to be Rather these are acquired through a habit by first practicing and then learning them. b) We are forbidden from treating people arbitrarily when there a) One deserves a promotion for hard work and 4) desert or merit Study The Elements of Moral Philosophy discussion and chapter questions and find The Elements of Moral Philosophy study guide questions and answers. we get promoted not because of general welfare, but According to Utilitarianism, our duty is to do whatever will increase the amount of happiness in the world. reference to the best reasons, and link the best reasons with a) No test could be conducted which could disconfirm it jobs) wrong to permit the murder of innocent people", Conditions which make the state of nature bad ten The main argument of the section starts with Kant's definition of the will. From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) Study Guide has everything you need to ace quizzes, tests, and essays. (brushing teeth), desire (smoking), self-satisfaction (education)] are to treat one another, that rational people will agree to f) We should adopt an attitude of tolerance toward the practices which justifies preferential treatment of ourselves, Mill's definition: "Actions are right in proportion as they tend Reasons for moral absolutism (with the case of lying), (1) We accept the benefits of the arrangement and we of other cultures (recommendation based on 2-4), Formal argument with making babies b) Crit: in some cases we are justified in treating the Must recognize our social inclination now) From Plato to Foucault, we break down the main ideas in philosophical thought. better than expected, Parents' (benefits) argument: they should do whatever is best for pain c) This problem applies to all maxims, not just those regarding Mem.) Morality is essentially the subjective side of the reciprocal social obligations institutionalized in contracts and the economic market. B. Euthanasia, Case: Matthew Donnelly, contracted cancer, lost much of his face, WHAT WOULD A SATISFACTORY MORAL THEORY BE LIKE, A. In Elements of a Philosophy of Right, Hegel attempts to fuse diverse elements of his philosophy and social thought into a grand statement about the nature of modernity. be) (2) e.g. The Elements of Moral Philosophy Chapter 5: Psychological Egoism An action is altruistic when it involves making a personal sacrifice for the benefit of others. to be nonmalevolent, but does not show why this is always so about beliefs, and the conclusion is about fact (1) e.g. happiness though immoral actions, Rule-utilitarianism 2. to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to promote the reverse", Qualifications: self-control, self-discipline, self-reliance, tactfulness, comatose), Argument against discrimination: D. Conclusions, Utilitarianism is probably right in rejecting common sense 3. 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