[172] In November he collapsed during chapel from illness and hunger. At one of these dinners, Whistler said a bon mot that Wilde found particularly witty, Wilde exclaimed that he wished that he had said it, and Whistler retorted "You will, Oscar, you will". Wilde testified brilliantly, but the jury failed to reach a verdict. [207] His tomb there was designed by Sir Jacob Epstein. Wilde reputedly told a customs officer that "I have nothing to declare except my genius", although the first recording of this remark was many years later, and Wilde's best lines were often quoted immediately in the press. And in their comic opera Patience, Gilbert and Sullivan based the character Bunthorne, a “fleshly poet,” partly on Wilde. [110] Modern critic Robin McKie considered the novel to be technically mediocre, saying that the conceit of the plot had guaranteed its fame, but the device is never pushed to its full. The book only briefly mentioned Wilde's life, but subsequently Ransome (and The Times Book Club) were sued for libel by Lord Alfred Douglas. [36], Wilde won the 1878 Newdigate Prize for his poem "Ravenna", which reflected on his visit there the year before, and he duly read it at Encaenia. [26] Wilde's active involvement in Freemasonry lasted only for the time he spent at Oxford; he allowed his membership of the Apollo University Lodge to lapse after failing to pay subscriptions. Oscar Wilde came from a prominent family. There lies its immense value. "[165] Lockwood answered that he would like to do so, but feared that the case had become too politicised to be dropped. [137] It was first performed on 14 February 1895, at St James's Theatre in London, Wilde's second collaboration with George Alexander, the actor-manager. She asked Father Fox in this period to baptise her sons.[8]. This response was counter-productive in a legal sense as it only served to reinforce the charges of homosexual behaviour. The modernist angel depicted as a relief on the tomb was originally complete with male genitalia, which were initially censored by French Authorities with a golden leaf. With his youth nearly over, and a family to support, in mid-1887 Wilde became the editor of The Lady's World magazine, his name prominently appearing on the cover. Despite constant money problems, he maintained, as George Bernard Shaw said, “an unconquerable gaiety of soul” that sustained him, and he was visited by such loyal friends as Max Beerbohm and Robert Ross, later his literary executor; he was also reunited with Douglas. He was soon introduced to a fan who had read the novel fourteen times in a row. Be the first one to write a review. He became associated with the emerging philosophy of aestheticism, led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin. Lady Windermere's Fan was first performed on 20 February 1892 at St James's Theatre, packed with the cream of society. [77], The initial vigour and excitement which he brought to the job began to fade as administration, commuting and office life became tedious. Appendix (p. 427-448): Oscar Wilde at Chickering Hall; Oscar Wilde's lecture in English provinces on the "House beautiful"; Oscar Wilde's lecture in Dublin on "The value of art in modern life"; Oscar Wilde's lecture in Dublin on "Dress." Learn more about Oscar Wilde and contact us today for licensing opportunities. 3 Favorites . He could organise and share his views on art, literature and life, yet in a format less tedious than lecturing. In 2018, Matthew Sturgis' Oscar: A Life, was published in London. [31] Wilde was once physically attacked by a group of four fellow students, and dealt with them single-handedly, surprising critics. In June 1894, he called on Wilde at 16 Tite Street, without an appointment, and clarified his stance: As a student Wilde worked with Mahaffy on the latter's book Social Life in Greece. The play was enormously popular, touring the country for months, but largely trashed by conservative critics. Carson repeatedly pointed out the unusual nature of these relationships and insinuated that the men were prostitutes. Oscar Wilde is one of the most quotable writers of all time, so here are his most famous quotes as declared throughout his life and works. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, the early 1890s saw him become one of the most popular playwrights in London. Wilde pleaded not guilty. Events moved quickly and his prosecution opened on 26 April 1895, before Mr Justice Charles. [143][note 5] Wilde, encouraged by Douglas and against the advice of his friends, initiated a private prosecution against Queensberry for libel, since the note amounted to a public accusation that Wilde had committed the crime of sodomy. [122] The success of the play saw Wilde earn £7,000 in the first year alone (worth £766,800 today). Inmates there also followed the regimen of "hard labour, hard fare and a hard bed", which wore harshly on Wilde's delicate health. [208] In 2011, the tomb was cleaned of the many lipstick marks left there by admirers and a glass barrier was installed to prevent further marks or damage.[209]. Wilde hesitated, then for the first time became flustered: "You sting me and insult me and try to unnerve me; and at times one says things flippantly when one ought to speak more seriously."[157]. Home; Biography; Career; Photos; Quotes; Works; Business. In his opening speech for the defence, Carson announced that he had located several male prostitutes who were to testify that they had had sex with Wilde. [197] His moods fluctuated; Max Beerbohm relates how their mutual friend Reginald 'Reggie' Turner had found Wilde very depressed after a nightmare. To be in it is merely a bore. The photographs of Oscar Wilde taken by Napoleon Sarony in New York, 1882 (complete). Oscar was two years younger than his brother, William (Willie) Wilde. [96], Wilde was concerned about the effect of moralising on art; he believed in art's redemptive, developmental powers: "Art is individualism, and individualism is a disturbing and disintegrating force. Under the 1843 Libel Act, Queensberry could avoid conviction for libel only by demonstrating that his accusation was in fact true, and furthermore that there was some "public benefit" to having made the accusation openly. The couple had two sons together, Cyril (1885) and Vyvyan (1886). The libel trial unearthed evidence that caused Wilde to drop his charges and led to his own arrest and trial for gross indecency with men. Editor of. Aestheticism was sufficiently in vogue to be caricatured by Gilbert and Sullivan in Patience (1881). To deny one's own experiences is to put a lie into the lips of one's own life. In the retrial he was found guilty and sentenced, in May 1895, to two years at hard labour. Wilde worked hard to solicit good contributions from his wide artistic acquaintance, including those of Lady Wilde and his wife Constance, while his own "Literary and Other Notes" were themselves popular and amusing. [14] For his part, Mahaffy boasted of having created Wilde; later, he said Wilde was "the only blot on my tutorship". 16, Tite Street was duly renovated in seven months at considerable expense. When Charles Stewart Parnell was falsely accused of inciting murder, Wilde wrote a series of astute columns defending him in the Daily Chronicle. The Life of Oscar Wilde – Part 2. [27], Catholicism deeply appealed to him, especially its rich liturgy, and he discussed converting to it with clergy several times. He died suddenly of acute meningitis brought on by an ear infection. An intimate friendship sprang up between Wilde and Douglas and by 1893 Wilde was infatuated with Douglas and they consorted together regularly in a tempestuous affair. [4] He also wrote books about Irish archaeology and peasant folklore. Wilde replied that he did not believe in social barriers, and simply enjoyed the society of young men. He spent th… About five months after Wilde arrived at Reading Gaol, Charles Thomas Wooldridge, a trooper in the Royal Horse Guards, was brought to Reading to await his trial for murdering his wife on 29 March 1896; on 17 June Wooldridge was sentenced to death and returned to Reading for his execution, which took place on Tuesday, 7 July 1896 – the first hanging at Reading in 18 years. [51][52][53] By a tight vote, the Oxford Union condemned the book for alleged plagiarism. It is beautiful, it is fine, it is the noblest form of affection. [19], The University Philosophical Society also provided an education, as members discussed intellectual and artistic subjects such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Algernon Charles Swinburne weekly. "[160] On 6 April 1895, Wilde was arrested for "gross indecency" under Section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, a term meaning homosexual acts not amounting to buggery (an offence under a separate statute). [179] It was from these heights that his life with Douglas began, and Wilde examines that particularly closely, repudiating him for what Wilde finally sees as his arrogance and vanity: he had not forgotten Douglas' remark, when he was ill, "When you are not on your pedestal you are not interesting. Carson, a leading barrister, diverged from the normal practice of asking closed questions. [136], The play, now considered Wilde's masterpiece, was rapidly written in Wilde's artistic maturity in late 1894. He was born in the middle of the Victorian age—the period of English history during which Queen Victoria reigned, from 1837-1901. [50], Though the book sold out its first print run of 750 copies it was not generally well received by the critics, Punch for example saying "The poet is Wilde, but his poetry's tame". Editor's note: Today (Oct 16) would have been Oscar Wilde's 166th birthday!While Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, he is undoubtedly a giant of the English language and a literary legend to be celebrated. [80], If Wilde's period at the helm of the magazine was a mixed success from an organizational point of view, it played a pivotal role in his development as a writer and facilitated his ascent to fame. [135] Though trying to remain calm, Wilde saw that he was becoming ensnared in a brutal family quarrel. The article alleged that Wilde had a habit of passing off other people's witticisms as his own—especially Whistler's. [36] Ruskin despaired at the self-validating aestheticism of Pater, arguing that the importance of art lies in its potential for the betterment of society. His first success, Lady Windermere’s Fan, demonstrated that this wit could revitalize the rusty machinery of French drama. On his release, he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain. If life imitated art, as Wilde insisted in his essay “The Decay of Lying” (1889), he was himself approximating the pattern in his reckless pursuit of pleasure. If Wilde was relatively indiscreet, even flamboyant, in the way he acted, Douglas was reckless in public. Intentions (1891), consisting of previously published essays, restated his aesthetic attitude toward art by borrowing ideas from the French poets Théophile Gautier and Charles Baudelaire and the American painter James McNeill Whistler. [11] At Portora, although he was not as popular as his older brother, Oscar Wilde impressed his peers with the humorous and inventive school stories he told. Oscar's mother, Lady Jane Francesca Wilde (1820-1896), was a successful poet and journalist. It is only by realising what I am that I have found comfort of any kind. [134][135] Queensberry only described the scene once, saying Wilde had "shown him the white feather", meaning he had acted in a cowardly way. "[140] The first half concludes with Wilde forgiving Douglas, for his own sake as much as Douglas's. His discussion of the dismissal of Warder Martin for giving biscuits to an anaemic child prisoner repeated the themes of the corruption and degeneration of punishment that he had earlier outlined in The Soul of Man under Socialism.[187]. [196] On 12 October 1900 he sent a telegram to Ross: "Terribly weak. "I am sure", Turner replied, "that you must have been the life and soul of the party. The self-realization of his homosexuality caused Wilde enormous torment as he juggled marriage, fatherhood and responsibility with his obsessive love for Lord Alfred Douglas, nicknamed Bosie. The trial ended with the jury unable to reach a verdict. The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with larger social themes, drew Wilde to write drama. "I am not sure if she ever became a Catholic herself but it was not long before she asked me to instruct two of her children, one of them being the future erratic genius, Oscar Wilde. [18] Wilde, despite later reservations, called Mahaffy "my first and best teacher" and "the scholar who showed me how to love Greek things". This meeting was disapproved of by the friends and families of both men. [235] Thomas Louis, who had earlier translated books on Wilde into French, produced his own L'esprit d'Oscar Wilde in 1920. His mother, who wrote under the name Speranza, was a revolutionary poet and an authority on Celtic myth and folklore. Although Douglas had been the cause of his misfortunes, he and Wilde were reunited in August 1897 at Rouen. In 1884 Wilde married Constance Lloyd, daughter of a prominent Irish barrister; two children, Cyril and Vyvyan, were born, in 1885 and 1886. [115] One evening, after discussing depictions of Salome throughout history, he returned to his hotel and noticed a blank copybook lying on the desk, and it occurred to him to write in it what he had been saying. Oscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin (now home of the Oscar Wilde Centre, Trinity College), the second of three children born to an Anglo-Irish couple: Jane, née Elgee and Sir William Wilde. Wilde: "The love that dare not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare. Both authors later regretted their work. [203][note 8], Wilde died of meningitis on 30 November 1900. [92] Instead of writing a short but serious essay on the question, Wilde tossed the theory amongst the three characters of the story, allowing it to unfold as background to the plot. The tower of ivory is assailed by the foul thing. [205] Different opinions are given as to the cause of the disease: Richard Ellmann claimed it was syphilitic; Merlin Holland, Wilde's grandson, thought this to be a misconception, noting that Wilde's meningitis followed a surgical intervention, perhaps a mastoidectomy; Wilde's physicians, Dr Paul Cleiss and A'Court Tucker, reported that the condition stemmed from an old suppuration of the right ear (from the prison injury, see above) treated for several years (une ancienne suppuration de l'oreille droite d'ailleurs en traitement depuis plusieurs années) and made no allusion to syphilis. "I dreamt that I had died, and was supping with the dead!" [87] "The Portrait of Mr. W. H.", which Wilde had begun in 1887, was first published in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine in July 1889. According to Fox's testimony in Donahoe's Magazine in 1905, Jane Wilde would visit his chapel in Glencree, County Wicklow, for Mass and would take her sons with her. [14], Until his early twenties, Wilde summered at the villa, Moytura House, which his father had built in Cong, County Mayo. The genitals have since been vandalised; their current whereabouts are unknown. Then Carson asked Wilde directly whether he had ever kissed a certain servant boy, Wilde responded, "Oh, dear no. "Be yourself; everyone else is taken." Premieres at St James's seemed like "brilliant parties", and the opening of The Importance of Being Earnest was no exception. [82] The magazine outlasted him by one issue. From Wooldridge's hanging, Wilde later wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol. Share funny quotes by Oscar Wilde and quotations about art and life. On his release, he gave the manuscript to Ross, who may or may not have carried out Wilde's instructions to send a copy to Douglas (who later denied having received it). Distraught that his beauty will fade while the portrait stays beautiful, he inadvertently makes a Faustian bargain in which only the painted image grows old while he stays beautiful and young. Carson pressed Wilde on each topic from every angle, squeezing out nuances of meaning from Wilde's answers, removing them from their aesthetic context and portraying Wilde as evasive and decadent. [212], In 2014 Wilde was one of the inaugural honorees in the Rainbow Honor Walk, a walk of fame in San Francisco's Castro neighbourhood noting LGBTQ people who have "made significant contributions in their fields. Queensberry's handwriting was almost indecipherable: The hall porter initially read "ponce and sodomite", but Queensberry himself claimed that he'd written "posing 'as' a sodomite", an easier accusation to defend in court. Wilde considered Vivian's article to be a scurrilous betrayal, and it directly caused the broken friendship between Wilde and Whistler. [85], Wilde published The Happy Prince and Other Tales in 1888, and had been regularly writing fairy stories for magazines. [21] He was encouraged to compete for a demyship (a half-scholarship worth £95 (£8,900 today) per year)[22] to Magdalen College, Oxford – which he won easily. "[139] Earnest's immediate reception as Wilde's best work to date finally crystallised his fame into a solid artistic reputation. [note 4] Queensberry, who feuded regularly with his son, confronted Wilde and Lord Alfred about the nature of their relationship several times, but Wilde was able to mollify him. [42] He also stated his intention to "return to England, probably for good." After two more trials he was convicted and sentenced to two years' hard labour, the maximum penalty, and was jailed from 1895 to 1897. "[90] By the end fact and fiction have melded together. I never travel without my diary. He was arrested and ordered to stand trial. [103] The story begins with a man painting a picture of Gray. Discover Oscar Wilde famous and rare quotes. "[30] The line quickly became famous, accepted as a slogan by aesthetes but used against them by critics who sensed in it a terrible vacuousness. [85] The Reminiscences also caused great acrimony between Wilde and Vivian, Wilde accusing Vivian of "the inaccuracy of an eavesdropper with the method of a blackmailer"[86] and banishing Vivian from his circle. [126], Peter Raby said these essentially English plays were well-pitched: "Wilde, with one eye on the dramatic genius of Ibsen, and the other on the commercial competition in London's West End, targeted his audience with adroit precision".[127]. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born on October 16, 1854, in Dublin, Ireland. In January 1889, The Decay of Lying: A Dialogue appeared in The Nineteenth Century, and Pen, Pencil and Poison, a satirical biography of Thomas Griffiths Wainewright, in The Fortnightly Review, edited by Wilde's friend Frank Harris. [102] 1891 turned out to be Wilde's annus mirabilis; apart from his three collections he also produced his only novel. But to be out of it simply a tragedy. Wilde's poem "Requiescat" is written to her memory. It is in this century misunderstood, so much misunderstood that it may be described as "the love that dare not speak its name", and on that account of it I am placed where I am now. [146] Wilde and Douglas walked out in a huff, Wilde saying "it is at such moments as these that one sees who are one's true friends". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Oscar-Wilde, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Oscar Wilde, The Victorian Web - Biography of Oscar Fingal O'Flaherty Wilde, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Oscar Wilde, Oscar Wilde - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [236] Modern books include Philippe Jullian's Oscar Wilde,[237] and L'affaire Oscar Wilde, ou, Du danger de laisser la justice mettre le nez dans nos draps (The Oscar Wilde Affair, or, On the Danger of Allowing Justice to put its Nose in our Sheets) by Odon Vallet, a French religious historian. , you are agreeing to news, offers, and was supping with the line `` yet each man the... Reading of De Profundis refuted his claims genitals have since been vandalised ; their current whereabouts are unknown Salomé... He realised that his ordeal had filled his soul with the cream of society, critical. Everyone will recognise his achievements ; his plays and essays will endure by 25 1900! Rather than something of which to be caricatured by Gilbert and Sullivan based the character Bunthorne, a “ poet! Copy to Wilde was an eminent Victorian and a doctor of aural surgery into satiric epigrams—seemingly trivial mercilessly... 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