Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Originally spoken by the Pashtun people, Pashto became the national language of Afghanistan in 1936. [14][1][15] Pashto is also the second-largest regional language of Pakistan, mainly spoken in the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern districts of Balochistan province. The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages emerging in Middle Iranian times (from ca. The constitutional assembly reaffirmed the status of Pashto as an official language in 1964 when Afghan Persian was officially renamed to Dari. The exact number of speakers is unavailable, but different estimates show that Pashto is the mother tongue of 45–60%[20][21][22][23] of the total population of Afghanistan. (1962) "Bilingualism and Structural Borrowing". In: Tariq Rahman. Pashto borrows words more from Urdu, whereas Dari has more borrowings from Turkmen and Uzbek. Media in category "Pashto language" The following 200 files are in this category, out of 388 total. The history of Pashto literature spreads over five thousands years having its roots in the oral tradition of tapa. Johannes Christian Meyer-Ingwersen. The first Pashto teaching text was written during the period of Ahmad Shah Durrani by Pir Mohammad Kakar with the title of Maʿrifat al-Afghānī ("The Knowledge of Afghani [Pashto]"). Pashto... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. It is used for written and formal spoken purposes, and in the domains of media and government.[88]. AND THEIR LANGUAGE 1. [48] The primary medium of education in government schools in Pakistan is Urdu,[49] but from 2014 onwards, the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has placed more emphasis on English as the medium of instruction. ...د فلک چارو څه وکړم کوکا The verb generally agrees with the subject in both transitive and intransitive sentences. "The Place of Pashto among the Iranic Languages and the Problem of the Constitution of Pashtun Linguistic and Ethnic Unity." The word "Pashto" derives by regular phonological processes from Parsawā- "Persian". Common Core State Standard and/or Academic Content Standard: Afghanistan Language History … This Pashto to English Translate Dictionary is a high quality irreplaceable application which will help you gain an unbelievable opportunity to explore Foreign Languages in a thorough way. Pashto (Pushto or Pakhto) is the official language of Afghanistan. ), [47] two numbers (sing./plur. It has multiple dialects, the main being the Western dialect, also … This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pashto-language, Pashto Web - A Brief Introduction to Pashto Language. stems from the different pronunciations in the various dialects of the second consonant in the word; for example, it is a retroflex [sh] in the Kandahari dialect, and a palatal fricative in the Kabuli dialect. Pashto language is as old as the “Pashtoon” because Pashto is not only the name of a language that has a very rich history, but a language with deeply rooted norms, values, and traditions. Extensive borrowing has caused Pashto to share many features of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-European languages as well. In the 1930s a movement began to take hold to promote Pashto as a language of government, administration, and art with the establishment of a Pashto Society Pashto Anjuman in 1931[37] and the inauguration of the Kabul University in 1932 as well as the formation of the Pashto Academy Pashto Tolana in 1937.[38]. Pashto employs the Pashto alphabet, a modified form of the Perso-Arabic alphabet or Arabic script. Results: 1-25 of 279 | Refined by: Original Format: Book/Printed Material Remove Language: Pashto Remove Subject: History and Criticism Remove Search Books/Printed Material View According to G.P.Tate, the author of "The kingdom of Afghanistan"-the first to use Pashto for literary purposes was the famous Pir … Untersuchungen zum Satzbau des Paschto. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A number of linguists have argued that Pashto is descended from Avestan or a variety very similar to it. Scholars such as Abdul Hai Habibi and others believe that the earliest Pashto work dates back to Amir Kror Suri in the eighth century, and they use the writings found in Pata Khazana. From the 16th century, Pashto poetry become very popular among the Pashtuns. [41][42] The lyrics of the national anthem of Afghanistan are in Pashto. Pashto is a subject–object–verb (SOV) language with split ergativity. This section appears to contradict the article Dari language. Standard Pashto's vocabulary, however, also derives from Southern Pashto. It is spoken by the Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and Pakistan.It is the provincial language in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.. Pashto belongs to the Indo-European languages family. matál). Pashto. Pashto language has additional series of retroflex consonants that Dari doesn’t. Nawabullah Yar Khan, another son of Hafiz Rahmat Khan, in 1808 wrote a book of Pashto words entitled ʿAjāyib al-Lughāt ("Wonders of Languages"). Da Ẓhabo Aw Adabiyāto Pohanżī. In such cases, the verb agrees with the subject if it is intransitive, but if it is transitive, it agrees with the object,[19] therefore Pashto shows a partly ergative behaviour. The southern dialect of Wanetsi is the most distinctive Pashto dialect. The major dialect divisions themselves have numerous variants. (previous page) () History: Visual arts: Politics: Religion: Subculture: Outer space: Fashion: Animation: Award: Interest: Travel ⓘ Pashto cinema, also known by its sobriquet Pollywood, refers to the Pashto-language film industry of Pakistani cinema based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pak .. Add an external link to your content for free. The possessor precedes the possessed in the genitive construction. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. King Amanullah Khan began promoting Pashto during his reign (1926-1929) as a marker of ethnic identity and as a symbol of "official nationalism"[35] leading Afghanistan to independence after the defeat of the British Empire in the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919. According to recent US government estimates, approximately 35 … Written Pashto literature saw a rise in development in the 17th century mostly due to poets like Khushal Khan Khattak (1613–1689), who, along with Rahman Baba (1650–1715), is widely regarded as among the greatest Pashto poets. Language history and change 4. Likewise, the term for ‘male buffalo’ is rendered sand in Hindi and sanr in Pashto. This is a myth, reportedly created by the Mughal historians of the 17th and 18th century, especially a man named Farishta. Unlike most other Indo-Iranian languages, Pashto uses all three types of adpositions – prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions. [39] In 1936 a royal decree of Zahir Shah formally granted to Pashto the status of an official language[40] with full rights to usage in all aspects of government and education - despite the fact that the ethnically Pashtun royal family and bureaucrats mostly spoke Persian.